Professor Colleen Graffy, "Who Will Control the Black Sea?" -- Geopolitical Information Services

Professor Colleen P. Graffy's article, "Who Will Control the Black Sea?," is published in Geopolitical Information Services. The article examines Moscow's wartime blockades of Ukraine that are prompting calls for stronger protections of navigation and revisions to a key agreement regulating the passage of ships.

Excerpt from "Who Will Control the Black Sea?"

The aim of the Montreux Convention was to prevent great power competition and armed conflict by controlling the entry and exit and size of warships in the Black Sea. While it was established to provide security and stability for the region, in the current reality it gives one power, Russia, the ability to dominate the Black Sea and threaten, attack and occupy coastal states. Russia’s maneuverings have undermined the goal of the Montreux Convention, and some believe it is time to end or update the treaty.

The complete article may be found at GIS Reports